Last data update: Apr 29, 2024. (Total: 46658 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Saba A[original query] |
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Overview and methodology of the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey - United States, January-June 2021
Rico A , Brener ND , Thornton J , Mpofu JJ , Harris WA , Roberts AM , Kilmer G , Chyen D , Whittle L , Leon-Nguyen M , Lim C , Saba A , Bryan LN , Smith-Grant J , Underwood JM . MMWR Suppl 2022 71 (3) 1-7 Many U.S. schools closed nationwide in March 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19. School closures and online-only instruction have negatively affected certain students, with studies showing adverse effects of the pandemic on mental health. However, little is known about other experiences such as economic and food insecurity and abuse by a parent, as well as risk behaviors such as alcohol and drug use among youths across the United States during the pandemic. To address this gap, CDC developed the one-time, online Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES), which was conducted during January-June 2021 to assess student behaviors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among high school students, including unintentional injury, violence, tobacco product use, sexual behaviors, and dietary behaviors. This overview report of the ABES MMWR Supplement describes the ABES methodology, including the student questionnaire and administration, sampling, data collection, weighting, and analysis. ABES used a stratified, three-stage cluster probability-based sampling approach to obtain a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12 attending public and private schools. Teachers of selected classes provided students with access to the anonymous online survey while following local consent procedures. Data were collected using a 110-item questionnaire during January-June 2021 in 128 schools. A total of 7,998 students submitted surveys, and 7,705 of these surveys had valid data (i.e., ≥20 questions answered). The school response rate was 38%, the student response rate was 48%, and the overall response rate was 18%. Information on mode of instruction and school-provided equipment was also collected from all sampled schools. This overview report provides student- and school-level characteristics obtained from descriptive analyses, and the other reports in the ABES MMWR Supplement include information on substance use, mental health and suicidality, perceived racism, and disruptions to student life among high school students. Findings from ABES during the COVID-19 pandemic can help guide parents, teachers, school administrators, community leaders, clinicians, and public health officials in decision-making for student support and school health programs. |
The Lasting Contribution of Dr. Saba Masho on Youth Violence Prevention
Chapman DA , Sullivan TN , Edmonds T , Adera T , Marshall KJ . Am J Public Health 2021 111 S6-s7 Passionate, devoted, and inspirational. This is how colleagues described Saba Woldemichael Masho professionally. On the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Youth Violence Prevention Center (YVPC) team, we knew Masho in many ways: as the co-Principal Investigator (PI) for the current VCU-YVPC project, as mentor, as friend, and as colleague. Her positive outlook, caring ways, and enthusiasm for making a difference in the local community were experienced by all. Masho was the embodiment of VCU ideals1 in her teaching, research, and service to the community. She touched countless lives and is remembered as a loving wife; a nurturing, dedicated, and wonderful mother; a caring advisor; and a compassionate, selfless human being. |
Signatures of somatic mutations and gene expression from p16INK4A positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).
Saba NF , Dinasarapu AR , Magliocca KR , Dwivedi B , Seby S , Qin ZS , Patel M , Griffith CC , Wang X , El-Deiry M , Steuer CE , Kowalski J , Shin DM , Zwick ME , Chen ZG . PLoS One 2020 15 (9) e0238497 Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) of the oropharynx. We combined targeted DNA- and genome-wide RNA-sequencing to identify genetic variants and gene expression signatures respectively from patients with HNSCC including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). DNA and RNA were purified from 35- formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) HNSCC tumor samples. Immuno-histochemical evaluation of tumors was performed to determine the expression levels of p16INK4A and classified tumor samples either p16+ or p16-. Using ClearSeq Comprehensive Cancer panel, we examined the distribution of somatic mutations. Somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNV) were called using GATK-Mutect2 ("tumor-only" mode) approach. Using RNA-seq, we identified a catalog of 1,044 and 8 genes as significantly expressed between p16+ and p16-, respectively at FDR 0.05 (5%) and 0.1 (10%). The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including anatomical site, smoking and survival were analyzed when comparing p16+ and p16- tumors. The majority of tumors (65%) were p16+. Population sequence variant databases, including gnomAD, ExAC, COSMIC and dbSNP, were used to identify the mutational landscape of somatic sequence variants within sequenced genes. Hierarchical clustering of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples based on HPV-status was observed using differentially expressed genes. Using RNA-seq in parallel with targeted DNA-seq, we identified mutational and gene expression signatures characteristic of p16+ and p16- HNSCC. Our gene signatures are consistent with previously published data including TCGA and support the need to further explore the biologic relevance of these alterations in HNSCC. |
Homotypic and Heterotypic Protection and Risk of Reinfection Following Natural Norovirus Infection in a Highly Endemic Setting.
Chhabra P , Rouhani S , Browne H , Yori PP , Salas MS , Olortegui MP , Moulton LH , Kosek MN , Vinje J . Clin Infect Dis 2021 72 (2) 222-229 BACKGROUND: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide yet there is limited information on homotypic or heterotypic protection following natural infection to guide vaccine development. METHODS: A total of 6,020 stools collected from 299 Peruvian children between 2010 and 2014 were tested by norovirus real-time RT-PCR followed by sequence-based genotyping. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of infection among children with versus without prior exposure. RESULTS: Norovirus was detected in 1,288 (21.3%) samples. GII.4 (26%), GII.6 (19%), and GI.3 (9%) viruses accounted for 54% of infections. Homotypic protection for GI.3 (HR=0.35; p=0.015), GI.7 (HR=0.19; p=0.022), GII.4 (HR=0.39; p<0.001), and GII.6 (HR=0.52; p=0.006) infections was observed. Hazard analysis showed that children with prior GII.4 infection exhibited heterotypic protection with a 48% reduction of subsequent GI.3 infection (HR=0.52; p=0.005). Prior exposure to GI.3, GII.2, and GII.17 infections enhanced susceptibility to subsequent infections with several other norovirus genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Children up to 2 years of age infected with GII.4 noroviruses demonstrated both homotypic and heterotypic protection to re-infection with other genotypes. These data support the need for ongoing vaccine development efforts with GII.4 as the main component and caution the inclusion of genotypes that may enhance susceptibility to infections. |
Homotypic and heterotypic protection and risk of re-infection following natural norovirus infection in a highly endemic setting.
Chhabra P , Rouhani S , Browne H , Yori PP , Salas MS , Olortegui MP , Moulton LH , Kosek MN , Vinje J . Clin Infect Dis 2020 72 (2) 222-229 BACKGROUND: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide yet there is limited information on homotypic or heterotypic protection following natural infection to guide vaccine development. METHODS: A total of 6,020 stools collected from 299 Peruvian children between 2010 and 2014 were tested by norovirus real-time RT-PCR followed by sequence-based genotyping. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of infection among children with versus without prior exposure. RESULTS: Norovirus was detected in 1,288 (21.3%) samples. GII.4 (26%), GII.6 (19%), and GI.3 (9%) viruses accounted for 54% of infections. Homotypic protection for GI.3 (HR=0.35; p=0.015), GI.7 (HR=0.19; p=0.022), GII.4 (HR=0.39; p<0.001), and GII.6 (HR=0.52; p=0.006) infections was observed. Hazard analysis showed that children with prior GII.4 infection exhibited heterotypic protection with a 48% reduction of subsequent GI.3 infection (HR=0.52; p=0.005). Prior exposure to GI.3, GII.2, and GII.17 infections enhanced susceptibility to subsequent infections with several other norovirus genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Children up to 2 years of age infected with GII.4 noroviruses demonstrated both homotypic and heterotypic protection to re-infection with other genotypes. These data support the need for ongoing vaccine development efforts with GII.4 as the main component and caution the inclusion of genotypes that may enhance susceptibility to infections. |
Predictors of protective behaviors among American travelers to the 2009 Hajj
Balaban V , Stauffer W , Hammad A , Afgarshe M , Abd-Alla M , Ahmed Q , Memish Z , Saba J , Harton E , Palumbo G , Marano N . J Epidemiol Glob Health 2013 3 (4) 187-96 BACKGROUND: Respiratory-borne infectious diseases can spread rapidly at mass gatherings. The 2009 Hajj took place during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. This study investigates factors associated with compliance with recommended influenza A (H1N1)-related health practices and behaviors among American pilgrims to the 2009 Hajj: receiving seasonal influenza vaccinations, receiving influenza A (H1N1) vaccinations, and behaviors intended to mitigate respiratory illness. METHODS: American residents from Minnesota and Michigan completed anonymous surveys prior to and following travel to the 2009 Hajj. Surveys assessed demographics; knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to influenza A (H1N1); seasonal and H1N1 vaccinations; health-seeking behaviors; sources of health information; and protective behaviors during the Hajj. RESULTS: Pre- and post-travel surveys were completed by 186 participants. Receiving seasonal influenza vaccination was reported by 138 (63%) respondents, and 80 (36%) reported receiving an influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. One hundred forty-four (79%) respondents reported engaging in protective behaviors during the Hajj to prevent illness. In multivariable models, greater perceived severity of influenza A (H1N1) before traveling was associated with: seasonal influenza vaccination (OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.14-2.62, p=.01), influenza A (H1N1) vaccination (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.35-3.02, p=.001), and engaging in protective behaviors during the Hajj (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.00-2.63, p=.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that accurate knowledge of influenza A (H1N1) symptoms, transmission, and prevention was associated with greater perceived severity of influenza A (H1N1); and perceived influenza A (H1N1) severity was associated with engaging in recommended protective health practices. Understanding the barriers to and facilitators of compliance with recommended behaviors can help guide the development of tailored outreach strategies to mitigate the impact and spread of respiratory disease. |
Protective practices and respiratory illness among US travelers to the 2009 Hajj
Balaban V , Stauffer WM , Hammad A , Afgarshe M , Abd-Alla M , Ahmed Q , Memish ZA , Saba J , Harton E , Palumbo G , Marano N . J Travel Med 2012 19 (3) 163-168 BACKGROUND: All mass gatherings can place travelers at risk for infectious diseases, but the size and density of the annual Hajj pilgrimage to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) present important public health and infection control challenges. This survey of protective practices and respiratory illness among US travelers to the 2009 Hajj was designed to evaluate whether recommended behavioral interventions (hand hygiene, wearing a face mask, cough etiquette, social distancing, and contact avoidance) were effective at mitigating illness among travelers during the 2009 Hajj. METHODS: US residents from Minnesota and Michigan completed anonymous surveys prior to and following travel to the 2009 Hajj. Surveys assessed demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to influenza A(H1N1), vaccination, health-seeking behaviors, sources of health information, protective behaviors during the Hajj, and respiratory illness during and immediately after the Hajj. RESULTS: Pre- and post-travel surveys were completed by 186 participants. Respiratory illness was reported by 76 (41.3%) respondents; 144 (77.4%) reported engaging in recommended protective behaviors during the Hajj. Reduced risk of respiratory illness was associated with practicing social distancing, hand hygiene, and contact avoidance. Pilgrims who reported practicing more recommended protective measures during the Hajj reported either less occurrence or shorter duration of respiratory illness. Noticing influenza A(H1N1) health messages during the Hajj was associated with more protective measures and with shorter duration of respiratory illness. CONCLUSIONS: Recommended protective behaviors were associated with less respiratory illness among US travelers to the 2009 Hajj. Influenza A(H1N1) communication and education in KSA during the Hajj may also have been an effective component of efforts to mitigate illness. Evaluations of communication efforts and preventive measures are important in developing evidence-based public health plans to prevent and mitigate disease outbreaks at the Hajj and other mass gatherings. |
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